Page 33 - ISMCON souvenir 2021

ISMSCON - 2021

The application of disease informatics: data, technology, and computer science to surveillance—provides
an opportunity to begin to better understand, identify, and predict disease outbreaks.
Surveillance mechanisms in the context of NCDs’

 Disease registries
 Surveys
(i) Cross sectional: NNMS

(ii) Diabetes National Model Study, Population Based Cancer Survival
 Secondary data analysis

(i) Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
(ii) Spatial analysis
(iii) Estimation of population attributable fraction
(iv) Estimation of burden of cancer by Years of Life Lost due to cancer deaths (YLL), Years of
Life Lived with disability or disease due to cancer (YLD) and Disability Adjusted Life years
(DALYs)
• In the context of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), surveillance primarily refers to surveillance
through disease registries and collecting data on the risk factors, in particular, behavioral, clinical/
physical, and biochemical risk factors. Examples include the NNMS, Global Tobacco Surveys
(i.e., Global Adult Tobacco Survey [GATS] and Global Youth Tobacco Survey [GYTS]). There is
an urgent need to align NCD surveillance activities with Sustainable Development Goals and the
National NCD Monitoring Framework indicators/targets

• The NCD surveillance, therefore, should have three key components: (1) monitoring exposure
(risk factors and determinants), (2) outcome (morbidity and disease-specific mortality), and (3)
health system response and capacity. While monitoring risk factors and mortality requires special
surveys as described above, outcome measures in terms of morbidity can be included in the routine
reporting system. The national programs have identified a set of standardized core indicators which
could be measured on an ongoing basis as a part of the program. Assessing the capacity and
response of the health system including policy changes is also a key aspect of surveillance and
program monitoring.

Information Products/Dissemination
The final stage in disease informatics : timely communication of information to users—is important for
follow-up action. Users of surveillance are those who need to know for program planning and decision-
making purposes. They include public health practitioners, health planners, epidemiologists, researchers,
and policy-makers as well as members of the public and the media.
While control efforts are not normally seen as a part of surveillance, the link to public health practice is
essential. The reason for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information on a disease is to control
that disease. It has been suggested that “collection and analysis should not be allowed to consume
resources if action does not follow”

CONFERENCE SOUVENIR 31